COVID 19 AND IMMUNONUTRITION

Abstract

The global coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) has posed a major threat to public health worldwide. To date, most patients infected with COVID-19 have developed mild symptoms such as dry cough, sore throat, and fever. In some cases, various fatal complications such as organ failure, septic shock, pulmonary edema, severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have developed. Coronaviruses are a group of single-stranded RNA viruses that are common among mammals and birds. There are four main subgroups of coronaviruses (?, ß, ? and ?). SARS-CoV-2 is also a coronavirus. The immune system consists of both innate (fast, non-antigen-specific) and adaptive (slower, antigen-specific) responses. Vitamin C has a range of activities that can contribute to the immune system. Antigen-containing cells required for initiation and maintenance of cell-mediated immune responses can be directly inhibited by vitamin D. Zinc is known to modulate antiviral and antibacterial immunity and regulate the inflammatory response. Iron deficiency is a risk factor for the development of recurrent acute respiratory infections. Copper plays a role in the functions of T cells, B cells, neutrophils, natural killer cells and macrophages. In recent years, probiotic strains have been increasingly recognized as an increasingly powerful ally in preventing and fighting respiratory infections. For those with viral respiratory disorders, more investment is required in immunonutrition and its applications.