PLANT HORMONE TYPES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON PLANT GROWTH

Abstract

Plants, starting from the germination of the seed in the vital process, until the formation of a new seed in the organization of all physiological events; they benefit from the chemical messengers they produce. These growth regulators, which are synthesized naturally as part of their metabolism, are plant hormones. However, there are also synthetic hormones used in plant production in agriculture. These artificial hormones are called plant growth regulators (PGR). Although there are a number of plant hormones identified today, there are five main plant hormone groups, mainly stimulating plant growth - oxins, cytokinins and gibberellins, and inhibiting growth - absicic acid and ethylene. All hormones are generally synthesized in the young organs of the plant. The only gaseous plant hormone is ethylene. And unlike other hormones, ethylene is more common in ripe fruits and aged leaves. In agriculture and tissue culture studies, the development of different parts of the plant can be encouraged by combining different proportions of plant hormones.