Investigation of the Biological Activities of Sulfonamide-Based Imine Compounds
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https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8237772Keywords:
Sulfonamide-based Schiff bases, DNA binding, DNA cleavage, Antibacterial, Antifungal, AntioxidantAbstract
In this study, three sulfonamide-based Schiff bases were prepared: 4-Fluoro-N-(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzylidene) benzenesulfonamide (C1), 4-Fluoro-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene) benzenesulfonamide (C2) and 4-Fluoro-N-((2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylene) benzenesulfonamide (C3). DNA cleavage and binding capabilities of the prepared compounds were investigated agarose gel electrophoresis and by UV-Vis spectroscopy, and their antioxidant capacities were investigated in vitro by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging methods. In addition, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of the compounds were examined. As a result of UV-Vis spectroscopy studies, compounds were observed to interact electrostatically with Calf Thymus DNA (CT-DNA). From the gel electrophoresis results, C2 and C3 cleaved pBR322 plasmid DNA (pDNA) hydrolytically and oxidatively at different concentrations, while C1 cleaved the DNA oxidatively. The antioxidant capacities of the compounds were compared with standard butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) solution and ascorbic acid. C1 was the most active according to DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging, superoxide and hydroxyl anion scavenging activity results, while C3 was more active according to FRAP and CUPRAC tests. Compounds were found to be effective on the growth of both bacteria and yeasts by the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) method. In the antifungal activity study using the disk diffusion method, C1 did not show antifungal activity, while C2 and C3 displayed antifungal activity. In addition, all compounds exhibited different levels of antibiofilm activity depending on the bacteria used.
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