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Bartzokis, G., 2004. Age-related myelin breakdown: a developmental model of cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiology of aging, 25(1): 5-18.

Bobinski, M., Wegiel, J., Tarnawski, M., Bobinski, M., Reisberg, B., De Leon, M. J., Miller, D.C., Wisniewski, H. M., 1997. Relationships between regional neuronal loss and neurofibrillary changes in the hippocampal formation and duration and severity of Alzheimer disease. Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology, 56(4), 414-420.

Bosch, M., Pugliese, M., Gimeno-Bayon, J., Jose Rodriguez, M., Mahy, N., 2012. Dogs with cognitive dysfunction syndrome: a natural model of Alzheimer’s disease. Current Alzheimer Research, 9(3): 298-314.

Chambers, J. K., Mutsuga, M., Uchida, K., Nakayama, H., 2011. Characterization of AβpN3 deposition in the brains of dogs of various ages and other animal species. Amyloid, 18(2): 63-71.

Chambers, J. K., Uchida, K., Nakayama, H., 2012. White matter myelin loss in the brains of aged dogs. Experimental Gerontology, 47(3): 263-269.

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Cotman, C. W., Head, E., Muggenburg, B. A., Zicker, S., Milgram, N. W., 2002. Brain aging in the canine: a diet enriched in antioxidants reduces cognitive dysfunction. Neurobiology of aging, 23(5): 809-818.

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Deane, R., Zlokovic, B. V., 2007. Role of the blood-brain barrier in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Current Alzheimer Research, 4(2): 191-197.

Dowling, A. L., Head, E., 2012. Antioxidants in the canine model of human aging. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Basis of Disease, 1822(5): 685-689.

Du, A. T., Schuff, N., Chao, L. L., Kornak, J., Jagust, W. J., Kramer, J. H., Reed, B.R., Miller, B.L., Norman, D., Chui, H.C., Weiner, M. W., 2006. Age effects on atrophy rates of entorhinal cortex and hippocampus. Neurobiology of aging, 27(5): 733-740.

Ezekiel, F., Chao, L., Kornak, J., Du, A. T., Cardenas, V., Truran, D., Jagust, W., Chui, H., Miller, B., Yaffe, K., Schuff, N., Weiner, M., 2004. Comparisons between global and focal brain atrophy rates in normal aging and Alzheimer disease: boundary shift integral versus tracing of the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus. Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders, 18(4): 196-201.

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González-Soriano, J., García, P. M., Contreras-Rodriguez, J., Martínez-Sainz, P., Rodríguez-Veiga, E., 2001. Age-related changes in the ventricular system of the dog brain. Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger, 183(3): 283-291.

Haass, C., Selkoe, D. J., 2007. Soluble protein oligomers in neurodegeneration: lessons from the Alzheimer's amyloid β-peptide. Nature reviews Molecular cell biology, 8(2): 101-112.

Head, E, 2013. A canine model of human aging and Alzheimer's disease. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Basis of Disease, 1832(9): 1384-1389.

Head, E., 2011. Neurobiology of the aging dog. Age, 33(3): 485-496.

Head, E., Callahan, H., Muggenburg, B. A., Cotman, C. W., Milgram, N. W., 1998. Visual-discrimination learning ability and β-amyloid accumulation in the dog. Neurobiology of aging, 19(5): 415-425.

Head, E., McCleary, R., Hahn, F. F., Milgram, N. W., Cotman, C. W., 2000. Region-specific age at onset of β-amyloid in dogs. Neurobiology of aging, 21(1): 89-96.

Head, E., Nukala, V. N., Fenoglio, K. A., Muggenburg, B. A., Cotman, C. W., Sullivan, P. G.,2009. Effects of age, dietary, and behavioral enrichment on brain mitochondria in a canine model of human aging. Experimental neurology, 220(1): 171-176.

Head, E., Pop, V., Sarsoza, F., Kayed, R., Beckett, T. L., Studzinski, C. M., Tomic, J.L., Glabe, C.G., Murphy, M. P., 2010. Amyloid-β peptide and oligomers in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of aged canines. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 20(2): 637-646.

Heneka, M. T., Carson, M. J., El Khoury, J., Landreth, G. E., Brosseron, F., Feinstein, D. L., Jacobs, A.H., Wyss-Coray, T., Vitorica, J., Ransohoff, R.M., Herrup, K., Frautschy, S.A., Finsen, B., Brown, G.C., Verkratsky, A., Yamanaka, K., Koistinaho, J., Latz, E., Halle, A., Petzold, G.C., Town, T., Morgan, D., Shinohara, M.L., Perry, V.H., Holmes, C, Bazan, N.G., Brooks, D.J., Hunot, S., Joseph, B., Deigendesch, N., Garaschuk, O., Boddeke, E., Dinarello, C.A., Breitner, J.C., Cole, G.M., Golenbock, D.T., Kummer, M. P., 2015. Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. The Lancet Neurology, 14(4): 388-405.

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Hwang, I. K., Yoon, Y. S., Yoo, K. Y., Li, H., Choi, J. H., Kim, D. W., Yi, S.S., Seong, J.K., Lee, I.S., Won, M. H., 2008. Differences in lipid peroxidation and Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase in the hippocampal CA1 region between adult and aged dogs. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 70(3): 273-277.

Kimotsuki, T., Nagaoka, T., Yasuda, M., Tamahara, S., Matsuki, N., Ono, K., 2005. Changes of magnetic resonance imaging on the brain in beagle dogs with aging. Journal of veterinary medical science, 67(10): 961-967.

Nichol, J., Head, E., 2017. Brain Aging in the Dog. In: G. Landsberg, A. Mad’ari, N. Zilka (Eds), Canine and Feline Dementia Molecular Basis, Diagnostics and Therapy, Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, pp. 93-102.

Opii, W. O., Joshi, G., Head, E., Milgram, N. W., Muggenburg, B. A., Klein, J. B., Pierce, W.M., Cotman, C.W., Butterfield, D. A., 2008. Proteomic identification of brain proteins in the canine model of human aging following a long-term treatment with antioxidants and a program of behavioral enrichment: relevance to Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of aging, 29(1): 51-70.

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Pugliese, M., Geloso, M. C., Carrasco, J. L., Mascort, J., Michetti, F., Mahy, N., 2006. Canine cognitive deficit correlates with diffuse plaque maturation and S100β (−) astrocytosis but not with insulin cerebrospinal fluid level. Acta neuropathologica, 111: 519-528.

Rofina, J. E., Van Ederen, A. M., Toussaint, M. J. M., Secreve, M., Van Der Spek, A., Van Der Meer, I., van Eerdenburg, F.J.C.M., Gruys, E., 2006. Cognitive disturbances in old dogs suffering from the canine counterpart of Alzheimer's disease. Brain research, 1069(1): 216-226.

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Schütt, T., Helboe, L., Pedersen, L. Ø., Waldemar, G., Berendt, M., Pedersen, J. T., 2016. Dogs with cognitive dysfunction as a spontaneous model for early Alzheimer’s disease: a translational study of neuropathological and inflammatory markers. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 52(2): 433-449.

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Selkoe, D. J., 2008. Soluble oligomers of the amyloid β-protein impair synaptic plasticity and behavior. Behavioural brain research, 192(1): 106-113.

Šimić, G., Kostović, I., Winblad, B., Bogdanović, N., 1997. Volume and number of neurons of the human hippocampal formation in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 379(4): 482-494.

Siwak-Tapp, C. T., Head, E., Muggenburg, B. A., Milgram, N. W., Cotman, C. W., 2008. Region specific neuron loss in the aged canine hippocampus is reduced by enrichment. Neurobiology of aging, 29(1): 39-50.

Siwak-Tapp, C. T., Head, E., Muggenburg, B. A., Milgram, N. W., Cotman, C. W., 2007. Neurogenesis decreases with age in the canine hippocampus and correlates with cognitive function. Neurobiology of learning and memory, 88(2): 249-259.

Skoumalova, A., Rofina, J., Schwippelova, Z., Gruys, E., Wilhelm, J.,2003. The role of free radicals in canine counterpart of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Experimental gerontology, 38(6): 711-719.

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Swanson, K. S., Vester, B. M., Apanavicius, C. J., Kirby, N. A., Schook, L. B., 2009. Implications of age and diet on canine cerebral cortex transcription. Neurobiology of aging, 30(8): 1314-1326.

Walsh, D. M., Klyubin, I., Fadeeva, J. V., Rowan, M. J., Selkoe, D. J., 2002. Amyloid-β oligomers: their production, toxicity and therapeutic inhibition. Biochemical Society Transactions, 30(4): 552-557.

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Wilcock, D. M., 2014. Neuroinflammatory phenotypes and their roles in Alzheimer's disease. Neurodegenerative diseases, 13(2-3): 183-185.