Recent Advances in Water Quality, Functional Polymer-Supported Sorbents for Heavy Metal Determination, Preconcentration, and Removal from Water
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21172832Anahtar Kelimeler:
Functional polymers Heavy metals Solid-phase extraction Adsorption Water qualitiy Drinkig Water River Water treatment Analytical chemistry Polymer-supported sorbentsÖzet
Heavy metal contamination of aquatic environments has become a major environmental and public health concern due to rapid industrialization, mining activities, agricultural practices, and urban development. Toxic metals such as Pb(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Cr(VI), Ni(II), Cu(II), As(V), and Zn(II) are persistent pollutants capable of bioaccumulating in aquatic ecosystems and entering the food chain, causing severe ecological and human health risks. Consequently, the development of highly selective, reusable, and environmentally friendly adsorbents has become an important research priority. Functional polymer-supported sorbents have emerged as one of the most promising material classes for both heavy metal preconcentration and water purification because of their tunable surface chemistry, high adsorption capacity, excellent regeneration ability, and compatibility with solid-phase extraction techniques. Recent advances in polymer chemistry have enabled the development of polyamine–polyurea resins, Schiff base-functionalized polymers, ion-imprinted polymers, magnetic polymer nanocomposites, and bio-based polymeric adsorbents exhibiting remarkable analytical performance and adsorption efficiency. This review summarizes recent progress (2020–2026) in the synthesis, adsorption mechanisms, analytical applications, and environmental performance of functional polymer-supported sorbents. Particular emphasis is placed on adsorption mechanisms, coordination chemistry, SPE applications, analytical determination of trace metals, and sustainable water treatment technologies. Current limitations, research gaps, and future perspectives related to multifunctional polymeric materials, green chemistry, artificial intelligence-assisted material design, and circular economy are also critically discussed.
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