Effects of Basal Fertilizer Forms, Nitrogen Sources and Nitrogen Doses on Wet Gluten Content and Hectoliter Weight of Bread Wheat under Rain-fed and Irrigated Conditions

Özet

Nitrogen fertilization plays a critical role in determining both yield and technological quality of bread wheat. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different basal fertilizer forms, nitrogen sources, and nitrogen doses on wet gluten content and hectoliter weight of bread wheat. The experiment was conducted during the 2021–2022 growing season in Diyarbakır, Türkiye under rain-fed and irrigated conditions using a randomized complete block design with four replications. Three different basal fertilizer forms (13-25-5, 18-46-0 and 20-20-0) were applied at sowing, while nitrate and urea were used as top-dressing nitrogen sources at two nitrogen levels (120 and 170 kg ha⁻¹). The results showed that fertilizer applications significantly affected wet gluten content and hectoliter weight under both environmental conditions. The highest wet gluten values were obtained from the @13-25-5 + Urea2 treatment under rain-fed conditions and from the @13-25-5 + Nitrate2 treatment under irrigated conditions. Conversely, the lowest wet gluten values were observed in the @20-20-0 + Nitrate1 treatment. Hectoliter weight was also significantly influenced by fertilizer treatments, with the highest values obtained from the @18-46-0 + Urea1 application under rain-fed conditions and from the @20-20-0 + Urea1 treatment under irrigated conditions. The results indicate that both nitrogen form and nitrogen dose play an important role in improving wheat grain quality parameters. Appropriate combinations of basal fertilizer and nitrogen source may enhance technological quality traits of bread wheat under different conditions.