Brusellozis Tanısı: Geleneksel Yöntemlerden Moleküler Tekniklere Bir Derleme

Serhat ÇİMENDEROĞLU

doi:10.5281/zenodo.17101647

Yazarlar

Serhat ÇİMENDEROĞLU Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Patoloji Anabilim Dalı, Burdur, Türkiye https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4456-8935

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17101647

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Brusella, PCR, Moleküler Yöntemler

Özet

Brusellozis, Brucella cinsi bakterilerin neden olduğu, küresel ölçekte önem taşıyan bir zoonozdur. Bu derleme, brusellozis teşhisinde kullanılan yöntemlerin tarihsel gelişimini ve güncel durumunu kapsamlı bir şekilde incelemektedir. Tanıda temel kabul edilen geleneksel yöntemler olan bakteriyolojik kültür ve serolojik testler, uzun inkübasyon süreleri, yüksek biyogüvenlik gereksinimleri, prozon fenomeni ve çapraz reaksiyonlar gibi pratik sınırlılıklara sahiptir. Bu kısıtlılıklar, özellikle kronik ve asemptomatik vakaların tespitinde önemli bir tanı boşluğu oluşturmuştur. Bu boşluk, Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu (PCR) gibi moleküler yöntemlerin geliştirilmesini teşvik ederek tanısal alanda bir paradigma değişikliğine yol açmıştır. Patojenin genetik materyalini doğrudan hedef alan moleküler yöntemler, konağın immün yanıtını dolaylı olarak ölçen serolojik testlere kıyasla daha yüksek duyarlılık ve özgüllük sunarak tanıya yeni bir boyut kazandırmıştır. Bu derlemede, konvansiyonel PCR'dan gerçek zamanlı PCR'a (qPCR) ve çoklu PCR'a (mPCR) kadar uzanan moleküler teknolojilerin avantajları, farklı konakçı türlerindeki tanısal zorluklara getirdikleri çözümler ve CRISPR-Cas tabanlı yeni nesil teşhis sistemlerinin potansiyeli tartışılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, etkin bir bruselloz kontrol programının, geleneksel yöntemlerin pratikliği ile moleküler teknolojilerin hızını ve doğruluğunu birleştiren entegre bir tanı yaklaşımı gerektirdiği vurgulanmaktadır.

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Brusellozis Tanısı: Geleneksel Yöntemlerden Moleküler Tekniklere Bir Derleme

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